The menisci act as cushions in the knee joint, help maintain the integrity of the knee joint, and are a safety factor during rotations. Menisci are usually torn as a result of side impacts to the knee. Menisci can also be torn as a result of excessive rotation of the thigh inward while the knee is bent and excessive strain on the knee.
Main causes of rupture:
– due to accidents and impacts
– due to joint diseases that cause damage
– due to joint ligament damage
– Spontaneous rupture due to congenital deformities
The main types of ruptures:
– longitudinal tears
– transverse and oblique (horizontal and curved) tears
– Tears with meniscus cysts
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be confirmed by examination, x-ray, double-contrast arthrography, computed tomography and arthroscopy.
Main Symptoms
– Locking: This is the situation where the knee remains bent at 20-25 degrees and the knee does not straighten. This situation goes away with a few days of rest. However, it should be separated from other conditions that may cause locking (such as pain, mass).
– Ejaculation: should be distinguished from other conditions that may cause ejaculation in the knees.
– Swelling (fluid accumulation): As can be seen in menisci that occur as a result of a blow or accident, meniscus tears can also cause fluid accumulation.
Treatment
After the diagnosis of meniscus tear is made, depending on the shape of the tear and whether the event is acute or chronic, all or part of the meniscus is surgically removed. Removal of part of it is preferred. Also, the arthroscopic method is used more frequently today.
The condition called discoid meniscus is an anomaly that occurs during development and is often seen in the outer meniscus. An audible slip occurs during knee movements. If a tear develops, pain and slippage become more severe.
